Clinical application and observation of an improved upper limb liposuction / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To describe an extended whole upper limb liposuction technique and evaluate its clinical effect.@*Methods@#34 patients who underwent upper limb liposuction from February 2018 to February 2019 were selected and the clinical data were retrospectively summarized. Patients were treated with upper arm ring/upper arm ring + forearm 1/3 rings/whole arm ring aspiration combined with accessory mammary gland, armpit, scapula and other adjacent aesthetic parts of extended liposuction. The preoperative and postoperative maximum circumference, thickness of the anterior and posterior subcutaneous tissue and skin laxity were measured and compared. analysis of complications, and evaluation of patients′ satisfaction through satisfaction questionnaire.@*Results@#The arm shape of all patients was significantly improved, the maximum circumference of the arm was reduced (16.2±4.0)%, the distance of the upper arm was reduced (29.5±8.9)%, the thickness of the posterior subcutaneous tissue was reduced (56.6 ±6.2)%, and the thickness of the anterior subcutaneous tissue was reduced (44.7±9.6)%. There were three cases of mild anemia after operation, and no other serious complications occurred. Patient satisfaction was very high.@*Conclusions@#This is an innovative arm liposuction technique with hidden incision. The effect of improvement is remarkable. The patient′s satisfaction is high.

Anatomical, imaging and histological observations of the circumferential full-length of superficial fascia structure of the upper limb / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To describe the general and histological features of the full-length superficial fascia of the circumferential upper limb.@*Methods@#Fresh frozen arm specimens were dissected, and then MRI imaging in vivo, enhanced CT angiography and HE histological staining were used to describe the characteristics of the full-length superficial fascia of the circumferential arm and its relationship with important blood vessels.@*Results@#The four typical structures of the superficial fascia of the arm were divided into subcutaneous superficial fat, membrane-like substance, deep fat and deep fascia from superficial to deep. The thickness and stratification, fusion degree and histological characteristics of the superficial fascia of these four layers were obviously different in different levels and regions of the arm. MRI confirmed that the total thickness of superficial fascia gradually decreased from shoulder to wrist. Venography showed that the cephalic vein ran below the second layer of superficial fascia and above the deep fascia. The basilic vein originated from the dorsal vein network of the hand and always lied below the second layer of membranous material until the basilic vein penetrates below the deep fascia of the upper arm.@*Conclusions@#The deep understanding of the circumferential full-length of superficial fascia structure of the upper limb provides an important theoretical basis for improving the surgical safety and fine operation for the Dynamic Arm Circumferential Liposuction.

Surgical methods and curative effect of tibial plateau fracture with medial large block split / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical effects of protecting the internal structure of the knee and internal fixation through two different directions for the treatment of tibial plateau fractures with medial large block split.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2010 to January 2016, data of 21 patients of tibial plateau with medial large block split fractures who were treated with protecting the internal structure of the knee and internal fixation through two different directions were retrospectively analyzed, including 17 males and 4 females, with an average age of (39.2±3.2) years old ranging from 27 to 63 years. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs as well as computed tomography(CT) images were obtained in the course of preoperative. It was made in the operation to protect medial knee structure, combining with internal fixation via two different directions plates(medial and posteromedial). If the posterolateral condyle fracture was involved, a plate was applied through posterolateral approach. Rasmussen score was used for radiological assessment, and HSS knee score was used for efficacy assessment at 1 year after operation. The fracture healing time was judged by X-ray and clinical examinations, additionally, the complications and corresponding outcomes were also recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up for 10 to 24 months with an average of(17.2±1.7) months. All fractures were healed, the healing time was 9 to 16 weeks with an average of(11.1±3.2) weeks. The Rasmussen score after surgery was 1 to 18 points with an average of(16.7±1.5) points. Sixteen cases got excellent, 3 good and 2 fair. At the final follow-up, HSS functional scores ranged from 60 to 100 points with an average of (87.3±6.7) points, the result was excellent in 18 cases, good in 2 cases and fair in 1 case.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>For a split fracture of the medial tibial plateau, the medial incision, full protection of the medial knee structure, and two different directions of supporting plate fixation are feasible, and the short-term effect is satisfactory.</p>

Risk factors for herpes zoster in multiple myeloma patients / 中华全科医师杂志

Clinical data of 153 patients with multiple myeloma admitted from January 2005 to December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed,including 56 cases complicated with herpes zoster (case group) and 97 cases without herpes zoster (control group).The risk factors for herpes zoster in multiple myeloma patients were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression.Univariate analysis showed that herpes zoster significantly associated with albumin/globulin ratio (A/G) ＜ 0.5 (x2 =10.989,P ＜0.05),unremitted myeloma(x2 =12.310,P ＜ 0.05),neutropenia (x2 =8.100,P ＜ 0.05) and treatment with bortezomib(x2 =9.465,P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that herpes zoster was positively correlated with A/G ＜ 0.5 (OR =6.344,95％ CI:1.511-26.645,P ＜ 0.05),neutropenia (OR =6.402,95％ CI:1.420-28.869,P ＜ 0.05),treatment with bortezomib (OR =7.335,95％ CI:1.587-33.911,P ＜ 0.05);and negatively correlated with remitted myeloma (OR =0.064,95％ CI:0.017-0.237,P ＜ 0.05).It is necessary to take corresponding countermeasures targeting the risk factors to prevent herpes zoster in multiple myeloma patients.

Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis with Acupuncture plus Intra-articular Injection of Sodium Hyaluronate / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To examine the clinical benefits of acupuncture combined with intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients. METHODS: A total of 150 KOA patients were randomized into simple medication and acupuncture plus medication (combined treatment) groups (n＝75 in each). For all the patients, intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate (2 mL) was performed once a week for 5 weeks, and for patients of the combined treatment group, filiform needles were separately inserted into unilateral or bilateral Zusanli (ST 36), Liangqiu (ST 34), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Xiyangguan (GB 33), Dubi (ST 35), Neixiyan (EX-LE 4) and Xuehai (SP 10) according to the focus, and manipulated with the uniform reinforcing and reducing technique, followed by retaining the needles for 30 min. The acupuncture treatment was given once every day or every other day, 5 weeks in total. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess the pain severity of knee-joint, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) employed to assess the 1) pain severity during various positions or movements (20 points), 2) severity of joint stiffness (8 points), and 3) difficulty in performing daily functional activities (68 points). The therapeutic effect was evaluated according to the decreased level of WOMAC subscale scores and improvement of daily activities. RESULTS: After the treatment, the VAS scores of both medication and combined treatment groups were decreased significantly in comparison with their own pre-treatment in each group (P<0.05), and that of the combined treatment group was significantly lower than that of the medication group (P<0.05). WOMAC and daily activity fin-dings showed that of the two 75 KOA patients in the medication and combined treatment groups, 16 (21.33%) and 32 (42.67%) experienced marked improvement, 46 (61.33%) and 38 (50.67%) were improved, and 13 (17.33%) and 5 (6.67%) ineffective, with the total effective rates being 82.67% and 93.33%, respectively. The therapeutic effect of the combined treatment group was apparently superior to that of the simple medication group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture combined with intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate is effective in improving KOA patients' pain severity and other symptoms as well as functional activities.

Morphological and Hemodynamic Parameters for Middle Cerebral Artery Bifurcation Aneurysm Rupture Risk Assessment

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the morphological and hemodynamic parameters associated with middle cerebral artery (MCA)bifurcation aneurysm rupture. METHODS: A retrospective study of 67 consecutive patients was carried out based on 3D digital subtraction angiography data. Morphological and hemodynamic parameters including aneurysm size parameters (dome width, height, and perpendicular height), longest dimension from the aneurysm neck to the dome tip, neck width, aneurysm area, aspect ratio, Longest dimension from the aneurysm neck to the dome tip (Dmax) to dome width, and height-width, Bottleneck factor, as well as wall shear stress (WSS), low WSS area (LSA), percentage of LSA (LSA%) and energy loss (EL) were estimated. Parameters between ruptured and un-ruptured groups were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristics were generated to check prediction performance of all significant variables. RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients with MCA bifurcation aneurysm were included (31 unruptured, 36 ruptured). Dmax (p=0.008) was greater in ruptured group than that in un-ruptured group. D/W (p<0.001) and the percentage of the low WSS area (0.09±0.13 vs. 0.01±0.03, p<0.001) were also greater in the ruptured group. Moreover, the EL in ruptured group was higher than that in un-ruptured group (6.39±5.04 vs. 1.53±0.86, p<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis suggested D/W and EL were significant predictors of rupture of MCA bifurcation aneurysms. Correlation analyses revealed the D/W value was positively associated with the EL (R=0.442, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: D/W and EL might be the most two favorable factors to predict rupture risk of MCA bifurcation aneurysms.

Sustained release of naproxen in a new kind delivery system of carbon nanotubes hydrogel

In this paper, carbon nanotubes [CNTs] were added into chitosan [CS] hydrogels in the form of chitosan modified CNTs [CS-CNTs] composites to prepare carbon nanotubes hydrogels [CNTs-GEL]. The products, named CS-MWCNTs, were characterized by scanning electron microscope [SEM] and Fourier transform infrared [FTIR] spectroscopy. Swelling properties and effect of pH on controlled release performance of the two kinds of hydrogels, CNTs-GEL and pure chitosan hydrogels without CNTs [GEL], were investigated respectively. The results showed that CNTs-GEL possess better controlled release performance than GEL. The releasing equilibrium time of CNTs-GEL was longer than that of GEL in both pH = w7.4 and pH=1.2 conditions, although the release ratios of the model drug are similar in the same pH buffer solutions. It is found that release kinetics is better fitted Ritger-Peppas empirical model indicating a fick-diffusion process in pH = 1.2, while in pH = 7.4 it was non-fick diffusion involving surface diffusion and corrosion diffusion processes

Treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures by minimally invasive through the sinus tarsi approach and external fixation with calcaneal locking plates / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical results and the superiority of minimally invasive sinus tarsi approach andABSTRACT Objective :To investigate the clinical results and the superiority of minimally invasive sinus tarsi approach and external fixation with calcaneal locking plates for the treatment of the intra-articular calcaneal fracture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From July 2011 to August 2012, 12 cases (13 feet) were treated by sinus tarsi approach and external fixation with calcaneal locking plates. There were 10 males and 2 females, aged from 25 to 48 years old (means 35 years old). According to Sanders classifi- cation system, there were 7 feet with type II, 6 feet with type III. The Böhler angle and Gissane angle were compared before and after operation. The clinical results were evaluated with the Maryland foot score system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All 12 cases were followed up from 6 to 14 months (means 10 months). There were no incision complications. Fracture healing time was from 3 to 6 months (means 4 months). The Böhler angle increased from preoperative (11.19 +/- 5.69) degrees to postoperative (30.13 +/- 7.52) degrees; The Gissane angle increased from preoperative (108.31 +/- 10.35) degrees to postoperative (118.99 +/- 8.94) degrees. According to Maryland foot score system, 8 feet got an excellent result, 3 good, 2 fair.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Open reduction by sinus tarsi approach and external fixation with calcaneal locking plates is an effective method for treatment of Sanders II, III calcaneal fracture. It can obtain good reduction and stable fixation with minimal invasion and lower complications.</p>

Association between mannose-binding lectin 2 gene and protein kinase C-beta 1 gene polymorphisms and type 2 diabetic macrovascular complications in northern Chinese Han population / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of mannose-binding lectin 2 gene (MBL2) (rs1800450, rs1800451 and rs11003125) and protein kinase C-beta 1 gene (PRKC beta 1) (rs3700106, rs2575390) with diabetic macroangiopathy in northern Chinese Han population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The samples have included 318 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and 448 normoglycemic controls. The five SNPs were determined by a Multiplex SnaPshot method. Biochemical indices such as fasting plasma-glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol were also measured. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analysis were carried out for all samples using Haploview 4.2. Additive model was applied to assess the effect of interaction between SNPs and environment factors on macrovascular complications.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Genotypic frequencies of rs11003125 have differed significantly between the controls and patients with coronary heart disease and peripheral vascular disease (P=0.024 and 0.004, respectively). The allele frequency of rs11003125 was also statistically significant between the two groups (P=0.014 and 0.001, respectively). Compared with patients without macrovascular complications, the allele frequency of rs11003125 was significantly different in patients with peripheral vascular disease (P=0.031). No significant differences were found between the distribution of the genotype frequency and allele frequencies of other variants. Haplotype analysis indicated that, compared with controls and patients without macrovascular complications, individuals with G allele of rs1800450 and C allele of rs11003125 had a higher risk for macrovascular complications.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The rs11003125 polymorphism located in the promoter region of MBL2 gene is associated with macrovascular complications of T2DM in northern Chinese Han population. G allele of rs1800450 and C allele of rs11003125 may be risk factors for macrovascular complications. There were additive interactive effects for rs11003125 polymorphism (GC+CC) and hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy on macrovascular complications.</p>

Relationship between intestinal permeability and expression of intestinal trefoil factor mRNA in mice after total body irradiation / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To investigate the change of the intestinal permeability,the expression level of intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) mRNA and the relationship between them after total body irradiation (TBI),and explore the effect of TBI on the development of intestinal permeability and the expression level of ITF mRNA.Methods Twenty two BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: 3 groups at 4,8 and 12 d after TBI with the total dose of 8.0 Gy and the dose rate of 1.0 Gy/min respectively,and a control group.Lactulose (L) and mannitol (M) were perfused into the esophagus before the experiment and urine samples were collected.Liquid chromatography was used to measure the L/M excretion ratio in the urine samples collected 4,8,and 12 days after the TBI.And then the mice were killed with their intestine were taken out.The expression of ITF mRNA in the jejunum tissue was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results The urine L/M ratio levels of the groups 4,8 and 12 days after TBI were (0.5092 ± 0.0352),(0.7174 ± 0.0116),and (0.7295 ± 0.0533) respectively,all significantly higher than that of the control group [(0.2908 ± 0.0533),F = 321.47,P ＜ 0.05].The ITF mRNA expression levels of groups 4,8 and 12 days after TBI were (0.78612 ±0.1428),(0.2521 ±0.1223),and (0.2306 + 0.0221 ) respectively,all significantly lower than that of the control group [( 1.3498 + 0.0476),F = 235.71 ,P ＜ 0.05].The urine L/M ratio was significantly negatively correlated with the expression of ITF mRNA in all TBI groups (r = - 0.985,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The intestinal permeability increases and the expression level of ITF mRNA decreases after TBI.The urine L/M ratio is negatively correlated with the expression level of ITF mRNA after TBI.ITF is involved in protection against intestinal permeability induced by TBI.

Analysis of postoperative sodium metabolic disturbance for craniopharyngiomas in 21 cases QIN / 中国综合临床

Objective To analyze the correlation between the position and the removal extent of the tumor and the postoperative sodium metabolic disturbance in patients with craniopharyngiomas. Methods Retrospective analysis of the postoperative sodium metabolic disturbance in craniopharyngioma patients admitted from Feb.2006 to Oct. 2010 was performed. Results In the 30 casese,10 cases occurred hypernatremia,9 with hyponatremia and, 2 with fluctuating hyponatremia and hypematremia. One cases died in the population. No sodium metabolic disturbance occurred in patients with craniopharyngiomas located in the interasellar region, whereas 8 occurred in the inter and suprasellar region(61.5% ,8/13) , and 3 occurred post and beside assellar region(60.0% ,3/5) , 10 occurred in the third and lateral cerebral ventricle (100.0%, 10/10). Sodium metabolic disturbance occurred in 15 cases(62. 5% ) among 24 cases underwent total resection,in all 4 cases underwent sub-total resection (100.0% ) ,and all 2 cases underwent paritical resection ( 100. 0% ). The degree of resection was not correlated with Sodium metabolic disturbance(x2 = 3.21 ,P>0.05). Conclusion Sodium metabolic disturbance after craniopharyngioma surgery may be correlated with the position of tumor, but not correlated with the removal extent.

Logistic regression analysis on the risk factors for external hydrocephalus after traumatic brain injury in the infants and young children / 中国综合临床

Objective To analyze the risk factors for the external hydrocephalus (EH) after traumatic brain injury in the infants. Methods The clinical data of 178 cases of infants and young children with traumatic brain injury from March 2004 to April 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the clinical risk factors for EH after traumatic brain injury. Results By univariate regression analysis, age, GCS score after trauma, coma duration, brain contusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage and epilepsy were risk factors for external hydrocephalus in the infants and young children (Ps 0. 05). The incidence of EH after traumatic brain injury in the infants and young children was 14% (25/178 ). Age ( OR = 0.5743 ) , coma duration after trauma (OR =3.0628) ,subarachnoid hemorrhage (OR =3.7093),brain contusion(OR = 4.7892) and post-trauma epilepsy (OR =2. 9976) were risk factors for EH (Ps < 0. 05). Conclusion Younger than 2 years old, low GCS score, long coma duration, brain contusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage and epilepsy would increase the risk of EH after traumatic brain injury in the infants and young children. This study provides information for the prevention of EH after traumatic brain injury in the infants and young children.

Association between mannose-binding-lectin gene and type 2 diabetic patients in Chinese population living in the northern areas of China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate whether the mannose-binding-lectin 2 (MBL2) gene was associated with type 2 diabetes in the populations living the northern part of China. Methods The study involved 318 type 2 diabetic patients and 448 normoglycemic controls. The variances of rs1800450, rs1800451 and rs11003125 were determined by the Multiplex SNaPshot method. Fasting blood-glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol were also measured. All of these results were analyzed by logistic regression method. Linkage disequilibrium and Haplotype measures were computed in all samples using Haploview. Results There seemed no mutation on rs 1800451 while the rs 1800450 and rs11003125 polymorphism was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg expectations in both the case and the control groups. Genotypes and allele frequencies of rs1800450 as well as rs11003125 were observed (P=0.006, P=0.003) and (P=0.010, P=0.004), respectively. Data from logistic regression analysis revealed that factors as overweight, abdominal obesity, hypercholesterolemia, GG genotype frequencies of Exonl rs1800450 polymorphism as well as (GC + CC) genotype frequencies of rs11003125 polymorphism in MBL2 conferred increased risks for type 2 diabetes. Haplotype analyses of the two SNPs (rs1800450, rs11003125) revealed similar effects as compared with the single SNP associations. Only haplotype constructed from GC alleles conferred increased trends for type 2 diabetes (OR=2.21, 95％ CI: 1.47-3.33, P=0.000). Conclusion Our result suggested that the Exonl rs1800450 polymorphism and promoter region rs11003125 polymorphism in MBL2 gene were both associated with type 2 diabetes in the Chinese population living in the northern areas of China. The G allele of rs 1800450 and C allele of rs 11003125 might be the risk factors of type 2 diabetes.

Histologic study and type II collagen expression in the rib cartilage of patients at different age / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the difference of histologic examination and type II collagen expression in the rib cartilage of patients at different age.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The patients were divided into three groups, as children group (5 to 10 years old), teenager group (11 to 17 years old), and adult group (18 to 29 years old). Histologic examination of rib cartilage and quantitative analysis of type II collagen with immunohistochemical stain were carried out in the three groups. Motic Med 6.0 A system was used to quantitate immunohistochemical image through measurement of mean photodensity. The results were statistically analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the three groups, the children's rib cartilage had the most blood vessels, the most chondrocytes, well-distributed stain of matrixes, and the type II collagen was expressed actively and highest in photodensity. The rib cartilage of teenager group had less blood vessels, unhomogeny distributed stain of matrixes, the enlarged and separated cartilage lacunae. The rib cartilage in adult group showed the least blood vessels, the least chondrocytes, the hyalinization of perichondrium, the most deposition of calcium salt, and the type II collagen was expressed at the lowest level in photodensity. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among the three groups (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Histologic structure in human rib cartilage changes during the aging process and the type II collagen is decreased with the increase of age.</p>

Association between p53 gene codon 72 polymorphism and keloid in Chinese population / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between p53 gene codon 72 polymorphism and genetic predisposition to keloid in Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was used to detect p53 gene codon 72 genotypes of 60 keloid samples and 102 whole blood samples from healthy controls in China.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference in the distribution of p53 gene codon 72 polymorphism between the keloid patients and the healthy controls (X2 = 2.910, P = 0.233), nor did the frequencies for Pro and Arg alleles (X2 = 0.882, P = 0.348), and there was no significant difference in the distribution of p53 gene codon 72 polymorphism in keloid patients and normal controls from China and Japan respectively (X2 = 3.942, P = 0.139; X2 = 3.260, P = 0.196). But the Arg/Arg genotype was significantly higher than the Pro/Pro genotype among the patients with keloid in shoulder and back (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There was no significant association between the distribution of p53 gene codon 72 polymorphism and keloid in Chinese population, but Arg/Arg genotype may affect the formation of keloids in shoulder and back compared to others. Further research should be done to investigate the relationship between p53 gene codon 72 polymorphism and keloids in different sites.</p>

Clinical and histological evaluation of the injectable hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical and histological features of the complications after hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel injection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-two patients were included in this study, who had undergone hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel injection in other units from 1998 to 2003 and later came to our department for removal of the injected gel. The tissue samples taken from each cyst were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The sections were investigated and analyzed under light microcopy. The tissue sections of 12 patients who had ever received liquid silicone injection from 1988 to 1994 were used as the control group. The difference in histological features was assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The inflammatory reaction of the hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel was characterized by an increased number of foreign-body giant cells. The mild lymphocyte infiltration was shown in the slides of hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel. On the contrary, there were much more clusters or lymphocyte infiltration in the slides of liquid silicone. The differences between the hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel and liquid silicone were significant in terms of thickness of the fibrous capsule.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The security of hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel injection for soft tissue augmentation is in doubt.</p>

Collagen changes of allografting an acellular dermal matrix / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the collagen changes of allografting an acellular dermal matrix (allo-ADM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The allo-ADM was grafted underneath the skin of SD rats. The content of collagen and the proportion of type I to III collagen was examined with a biochemical assay.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The content of collagen and the proportion of type I to III collagen in the allo-ADM group showed no significant changes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The allo-ADM could keep long time in the body and it may be an ideal material for soft tissue filling.</p>

Leptin as a survival enhanced-factor in grainy fat transplantation / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This experiment is to test the survival enhance effect of leptin in grainy fat transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 0.6 g grainy fat was obtained from the Wistar mouse subcutaneous tissue in the abdomen. It was then mixed with 0.9% NS and 20 ng/ml leptin and transplanted in the head subcutaneously. The transplanted tissue was taken out after 10, 20 and 40 days. After being weighed, the tissue was dyed with HE staining and VEGF staining. The data was analyzed with SPSS software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The fibrous membrane around the tissue in leptin group was thin and there was less fat cell necrosis, compared with the control group. The remained-weight rate was 108.3%, 83.3% and 66.3% in 10, 20 and 40 days after the surgery. The differences were statistic significant between the leptin groups and the control (P < 0.05). The examinations of the HE and VEGF stain showed that there was the rich vascularization in leptin treated tissue.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Leptin could enhance the survival of the transplanted grainy fat due to its angiogenesis effect.</p>

Experimental study on inhibition of skin graft contraction with papaverine cream / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of exteral use of papaverine cream on enhancement of skin graft.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five mini-pigs were used for the study. 20 full-thickness wounds were created on the back of each animal. Along the midline of the abdomen, a 40 cm x 2 cm full-thickness skin graft was harvested and the wound sutured.The full-thickness graft was prepared and trimmed to 2 cm x 2 cm of 0.6 mm thickness split-skin grafts, which were transplanted to each wound with tie-over bolsters. The sutures were removed 2 weeks after the operation. Twelve pairs of 100%-survived skin grafts were selected and divided into group A (the left side) and group B (the right side), with each pair locating on the same and opposite position. From the day of suture removal, 2% papaverine cream was used to group A while plain cream was used to group B. The grafts were measured and observed for healing condition at the time of suture removal and the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth month. The surface area of the graft was measured and the shrinking ratio was calculated. After the animals were killed at the sixth month, samples of the skin grafts were taken and processed with 10% formalin, routine paraffin wax and Hematoxylin-eosin staining. The tissue structure was observed and the results were analyzed statistically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The grafts in two groups did not have significant differences at the time of suture removal. Observations from the first to the sixth month showed that the two groups had significant differences in skin graft contracture and histological changes. HE stains demonstrated that the skin grafts in group A had less fibroblasts, more microvessels and orderly-arranged collagenous fibers.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>External use of papaverine cream can inhabit the contraction of skin grafts. It is a safe, effective, simple, and reliable method,which has the advantages of easy delivery,cheapness, less injury and infection,and no side effects.</p>

Clinically analyzing the possible side-effects after injecting hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel as a soft-tissue filler / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the possible side-effects after injecting hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel for augmentation of the soft-tissue.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifteen patients with some side-effects after injecting the hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel had been undergoing for the treatment in our unit from 2000 to 2001. Their symptoms were analyzed and the specimen of the tissue was also removed for pathologic examination.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The major complaints of the patients after injecting hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel were feeling pain(60.00%), uncomfortable (13.33%), no cosmetic improvement results (33.33%), secondary deformity (20.00%), long-lasting swelling (6.67%), and nodules (80.00%). The pathologic examination was showing the capsule formation (53.33%), macrophagocyte infiltration (60.00%) and granuloma producing (20.00%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Clinical application of the hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel may result in some serious side-effects. It should be cautious to the physicians who may apply the product for clinic use.</p>